The islamic revolution of 1979 has occupied a prominent place in the history of iran. The islamic revolution of iran was welcomed in the western world and especially among the intelligentsiya as a great event, one of irony, after the tyranny of the shah. Four decades later, darioush bayandor draws upon heretofore untapped archival evidence to reexamine the complex domestic and international dynamics that led to the revolution. Islamic revolution simple english wikipedia, the free. He also served several times as general secretary of the islamic republic party. By looking at the historical, domestic, international, and socioeconomic factors related to the revolution, this case study examines the turbulent context of iranian society in. However, in some instances one year can mark a phenomenal. Women and the islamic revolution volume 15 issue 2 adele k. Chapter 1 the historical background chapter 2 notes on the history of iran chapter 3 the communist party of iran chapter 4 the february revolution of 1979 chapter 5 the basis of islamic fundamentalism chapter 6 the economics of counterrevolution. Iran celebrated the 40th anniversary of the 1979 islamic revolution on february 11, 2019.
The revolution, in general, is viewed as a mass movement, which gained enormity due to conscious efforts of the working class and the clergy in. The shah, irans ruler for nearly four decades, had fled the country. The book analyzes the dynamics of factionalism among the political elite in the islamic republic of iran and the approaches of the different political factions to economic, sociocultural, and foreign policy issues from. He was appointed to the council of the islamic revolution in 1979, and between 1979 and 1981 he was a member of the majlis, serving as deputy minister of defense, commander of the revolutionary guard, and representative on the supreme council of defense.
By roger cohen tehran, irans capital, was in a state of revolt on jan. A history of the islamic republic by author michael axworthy in pdf epub. On february 1, 1979, ayatollah khomeini returned to iran from exile. Irans islamic revolution, new york times upfront, accessed february 20. Cultural, history, iran, islam, nonfiction, politics, religion. Roots of iranian revolution at 1979 nail kayapinar the objective of this paper is realize the main reasons of the islamic revolution in iran in 1979 and see what is changed by revolution. The iranian revolution, or the islamic revolution, of 1979 was the series of events leading to overthrowing shah mohammed pahlavi and installing an islamic republic led by the grand ayatollah khomeini. The 1979 revolution was a characteristically iranian revolution a revolution by the whole society against the state in which various ideologies were represented, the most dominant being those with islamic tendencies islamist, marxist islamic and democratic islamic and marxistleninist tendencies fadai, tudeh, maoist, trotskyist, and. Iranian revolution 1979 religious based revolution ayatollah a title of a religious leader khomeini descendant of the house of husayn judaism adonai yahweh torah written by prophets islam allah mecca mohammad visited by gabriel gave him the word of allah spoke in arabic lived in mecca quran koran written in arabic the literal word of god christianity. The islamic revolution of 1979 took place in a nonarab country with a rich historical heritage, universalist pretentions and a political economy. Islamist revolutionaries opposed the western secular policies of the authoritarian shah of iran mohammed reza pahlavi supporters of ayatollah khomeini organized protests in opposition to the authoritarian government of the shah. In a new book from the brookings institution press, titled the iranian revolution at forty, more than two dozen experts look back on the rise of the. The white revolution involved a series of reforms imposed. The shah, the islamic revolution and the united states.
Religious elements of the 1979 islamic revolution september 30, 20 this case study investigates the social, economic, and political dynamics of 1970s iran that led the iranian people to accept, and then maintain, religion as the basis of a new political system after deposing mohammad reza shah pahlavi in 1979. It is alleged that the 1979 iranian revolution is a. The discussion surrounding the role of the ulema in the 1979 revolution is vital to answering the question of how islamic the iranian revolution was. In the forty years since irans 1979 revolution, no aspect of u. Chapter 1 the historical background chapter 2 notes on the history of iran chapter 3 the communist party of iran chapter 4 the february revolution of 1979 chapter 5 the basis of islamic fundamentalism chapter 6 the economics of counter revolution.
Ayatollah ruhollah khomeini, the shiite muslim cleric who had worked for years to overthrow the shah, was still in exile in. In the iranian revolution of 1979, ayatollah sayyid ruhollah musavi khomeini ousted mohammad reza pahlavi, who succeeded his father as shah of iran in the early 1950s. Religion has come to play an increasing role in mena societies and culture. The iranian revolution of 197779 was the first in a series of mass. In the times of cold war, the us wanted to keep the shah in power as a bulwark against the soviet union. And they have certainly not forgotten about the outcomethe capture of the political movement, which began as a democratic process, by islamic extremists. Religious elements of the 1979 islamic revolution amazon s3. A number of factors contributed to the failure of the.
Women and the islamic revolution international journal. The iranian revolution of 1979 has been described as one of the epochal. Following the success of the revolution, the islamists instituted a theocratic dictatorship and wiped out the workers movement and the left. The iranian revolution of 1979 has been described as one of the epochal events of the twentieth. The iranian revolutions legacy of terrorism, daniel byman 16. As part of a series of conversations marking 1979 as a seminal year in the muslim world, steve inskeep talks to iranianborn journalist kasra naji about the islamic revolution. The iran islamic revolution of 1979 summary youtube. Islamic revolution an overview sciencedirect topics. Covering islam took as its point of departure the iranian revolution, which by then had been fully counterrevolutionized by the forces of the ayatollah. In 1979, a drastic change has been occurred in iran. This article focuses on the question of whether irans foreign policy over the period 197994 was a pure reflection of the clerical regimes millenarian crusade and its stated doctrine of exporting the islamic revolution worldwide. On balance, the iranian revolution of 1979 was more about introducing new ideas into the religiopolitical lexicon of muslims than it was about asserting iranian independence and sovereignty, mahan abedin wrote january 3, 2007, in asia times.
Reza shah, the elder pahlavi, came to power during the 1920s after promoting the idea of. Irans islamic revolution after the overthrow of the shah, an american ally became one of its biggest adversaries. Culture after the revolution ruhollah khomeini removes all western influences enforce islamic regulations strict rules for women reverse your thinking. Original title isbn 9780199322268 published on 2011 in edition language. A number of observers, including the shah, have written of rumours and allegations that the government of the united kingdom has secretly supported mullahs shia clerics in recent iranian history, and in particular the ayatollah ruhollah khomeini in his successful overthrow of shah mohammad reza pahlavi in the iranian revolution of 1979. In a new book from the brookings institution press, titled the iranian revolution at forty, more than two dozen experts look back on the rise of the islamic republic and explore what the startling.
The success of the shiite islamic revolution in 1979 iran marked a radical turning point in regional politics with muslim ideologues leading the charge. The iranian revolution past, present and future content. Islamic republic, the theocracy of ayatollah ruhollah khomeini. The downfall of americaniranian relations in the broad scope of history, one year is merely a vapor. Iranian armed forces to quash the islamic revolution. The bbc persian service and the islamic revolution of 1979. Taking, inter alia, the controversy surrounding irans takeover of the island of abu musa in 1992, the article argues that irans actions were determined by a. The newsmagazine for teens tehran, irans capital, was in a state of revolt on jan. Islamic symbolism the ideology of the islamic revolution in iran as reflected in friday communal sermons, 19791989. The iranian revolution 1977 1979 download pdf version by stephen zunes april 2009. Following mossadegh and the cias first coup, in 1979 iran experienced what was known as the islamic revolution. The islamic republic of iran was proclaimed in 1979 after followers of the ayatollah khomeini drove the u. Many single years are filled with insignificant people and events that do not have great effects on global or domestic relations. Politics before modernization persia iran world war ii western invasions oil economic turmoil dissatisfaction with the regime during fomenting the revolution shah extremely secular,westernized the poor were more religious shah abused his power increased divergence between.
By the mid20th century the jewish community of modernday iran had achieved a measure of success. The iranian revolution of 197779 was the first in a series of mass popular civil insurrections which would result in the overthrow of authoritarian regimes in dozens of countries over the next three decades. Many researchers believe that islamic revolution is a part of a turning point of an i. The iranian revolution of february 1979 middle east. The iranian revolution a history and analysis of the revolution in which socialists aligned themselves with islamists to overthrow the westbacked shah. Ayatollah khomeini start a movement base on pure islamic thought ashura and made a social movement that an islamic republic government concluded from that. Remarkably, for a number of weeks, reading and writing about foucaults essays on the iranian revolution of 1979 corresponded with events. The collapse of the islamic ottoman empire by 1923 and the introduction of european concepts of secularism, the nation, and the nationstate greatly recast the.
Humanities depiction of islamic revolution priya raj. The revolution reinitiated another significant course of development in the middle east, which did not draw the attention of many people. It will be shown that the demands of the population were not strongly related to islam, but that islam allowed these demands to be voiced and thus became the dominant factor in the revolution. Culture before the revolution shah following the revolution november 4, 1979 1980 september american embassy occupied august. It was a revolution in the true sense of the concept for its lust for justice, liberty and equality. This is a video presentation in partial fulfillment of persyan 10. In 1963, ayatollah khomeini was arrested and exiled for his opposition of the white revolution. The political system of the islamic republic of iran. Mna today is the 41st anniversary of announcing the islamic republic as irans ruling. Nato had artificially bolstered the monarch of mohammad reza shah, now known as the last shah king of iran. This is the story of the dramatic rescue and emigration of thousands of iranian jewish students to america, and the miraculous rebirth of an ancient.
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